Author Archive

The Diffusion of Innovation, 5th ed by Everett Rogers

Friday, February 4th, 2022
Diffusion of Innovation

The Diffusion of Innovation (5th ed) by Everett M. Rogers is THE book for anyone who wants to understand this phenomena. This is the 2003 version, but it is still very current. I used this book a lot when I was doing my dissertation and revisit the concepts via this summary from time to time. This is my longest book summary so it may take more than one sitting to finish it. I think it will be work your time.

Chapter 1 – Elements of Diffusion

  • Getting a new idea adopted, even when it has obvious advantages is difficult. Therefore, a common problem for individuals and organizations is how to speed up the rate of diffusion of an innovation. Diffusion is a process in which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. A degree of uncertainty is involved and the process can be planned or spontaneous. It results in one kind of social change and leads to certain consequences.

Element 1

  • 1) The innovation: It is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new. If it seems new, it is an innovation. The adoption process is an information seeking and processing activity in which an individual is motivated to reduce uncertainty about the advantages and disadvantages of an innovation. The characteristics of innovations, as perceived by individuals, help explain their different rates of adoption.
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Element 2

  • 2) Communication Channels: The essence of the diffusion process is the information exchange through which one individual communicates a new idea to others. Mass media channels are usually the most rapid and efficient means of informing an audience. Interpersonal channels involve face-to-face exchanges. A third form involves the interactions between individuals via the Internet.

Element 3

  • 3) Time: The inclusion of time in diffusion research is one of its strengths. The five steps in the process are: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. There are five adopter categories that are time-based. The first adopters are called innovators. They are followed in time by early adopters, the early majority, the late majority, and laggards. When the number of adopters is plotted over time, an S-shaped curve results.

Element 4

  • 4) A Social System: This is a set of interrelated units that are engaged in joint problem solving to accomplish a common goal. Social systems have structure that gives regularity and stability to human behavior (norms). It allows one to predict behavior with some degree of accuracy. The communication in a system also has a structure. Knowledge of the system’s structure is necessary if one wishes to study diffusion within the system.

Some History

  • A series of independent groups started this research in the 1940’s and 1950’s. Each group was invisible to the others and used different approaches. They all, however, found the diffusion followed an S-shaped curve and the innovators had higher socioeconomic status than did later adopters. By the late 1960’s the independent groups had come together as shown by the increase in cross-tradition citations.

Gabriel Tarde

  • Tarde was a French lawyer and judge around 1900. He observed that for every ten new ideas that spread, ninety will be forgotten. He also observed that the rate of imitation usually followed an S-shaped curve and that the takeoff in the curve begins to occur when the opinion leaders in a system use a new idea. Forty years later his observations were put to the test by empirical research.

The Nine Major Diffusion Research Traditions

  • 1) Anthropology – The study of how tribes or villages use technological ideas such as the steel ax, horses, and boiling water.
  • 2) Rural Sociology – The study of how farmers in rural communities adopt agricultural ideas such as weed sprays, hybrid seed, and fertilizers.
  • 3) Education – The study of school systems, teachers, or administrators as they adopt teaching/learning innovations like kindergarten, modern math, programmed instruction, and team teaching.
  • 4) Public Health and Medical Sociology – The study of individuals or organizations such as hospitals and health departments as they adopt medical and health ideas like drugs, vaccinations, family-planning, and AIDS prevention.
  • 5) Communication – The study of individuals and organizations as they adopt technological innovations and new communications technology.
  • 6) Marketing and Management – They study of individual consumers as they adopt new products.
  • 7) Geography – The study of individuals and organizations as they adopt technological innovations.
  • 8) General Sociology – The study of individuals and other units as they adopt a wide variety of ideas.
  • 9) Early Sociology – The study of communities or individuals as they adopt things like city manager government, postage stamps, and ham radios.
  • Other traditions include economics, public administration, political science, psychology, industrial engineering, statistics, and others.

A Word About Education

  • Unlike some fields, innovations adopted by education are done so by organizations rather than individuals. Early studies were carried out by Paul Mort at Columbia University. He found that the best single predictor of innovativeness was expenditure per student. The stereotype of the rich suburban school as highly innovative was largely confirmed. Mort found that considerable time lags were required. It took kindergartens about 50 years to be completely adopted. Driver training needed only 18 years while modern math needed only 5 years. Both were promoted by change agencies. The insurance companies and auto manufacturers in the case of driver training and the National Science Foundation for modern math.
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Daniel Pink’s Best Ideas Presented Only to People Who Preordered His New Book

Tuesday, February 1st, 2022
The Power of Regret

On 1/30/2022 I attended a Daniel Pick online presentation only for people who had preordered his new book “The Power of Regret: How Looking Backward Moves Us Forward.” There were about 1,300 of us. During this presentation, he gave the audience the ten most important things that he has ever learned. These all match up with my thinking. Since he did a count down, we start with the number 10. This presentation will not be available anywhere else so share this with your network.

10. How to make a decision

  • Start with asking yourself “what advice would you give to a friend.” Fundamental reasons are better than instrumental reasons. Do the right thing. Less is more. Do fewer things well.

9. The best way to get things done Read

  • “Bird by Bird” by Annie Lamont. This is the one step at a time approach to getting something done. The coach should tell the team, let’s go 1-0 today.

8. The best way to choose what to do

  • Pick the professor more than the class. Focus on who you are doing something with. Read “The No Asshole Rule: Building a Civilized Workplace and Surviving One That Isn’t” by Robert I. Sutton. Here is a link to my summary. Don’t tolerate jerks for a moment. We are who we spend time with.

7. How to Persuade People

  • Read “Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion” by Robert B. Cialdini. The best way to persuade someone to do something is to make it easy for them to do it. Consider changing the default option. If you want to make it easy to run, put on your running outfit.

6. The best way to get a good idea and how can you tell a good idea from a bad idea

  • From Malcolm Gladwell, good ideas lead to good ideas. Look for good ideas you had that have proved themselves. You need to be excited about it. Look for stories rather than topics. Put your ideas out to other people. They are likely to give you more ideas. Generate a lot of ideas without evaluating them at first. Next, capture the ideas. They can be floating. Keep a running document on your computer and cellphone so that you get an idea you can write it down. Finally, socialize your ideas and don’t worry about somebody stealing them. The more ideas you share, the more people will share there’s with you.

5. The best way to deal with hassles

  • Read “Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity” by David Allen. If you have a task that can be done in less than two minutes, do it now. Use the stoic test. When confronted with a hassle reframe it as a test. Then move it from the realm of emotion to the realm of cognition.

4. The best way to liberate yourself

  • Do not manage your life to impact what other people think of you as they are probably thinking about themselves. Just be a good person and do the right thing.

3. The best way to get stuff done, part two

  • Step by step is the micro part. Seeing the big picture and keeping your eye on the prize is the macro part. You want to think about systems. Broaden your focus and it will be easier to see how the small parts fit. Al Gore made a guest appearance here. We always face the voice between doing the hard right thing and the easy wrong thing. Seek first to understand.

2. The best way to deal with regrets

  • Dan recalls telling the head of AirB&B that his idea would never work. Process regrets inward, outward, and forward. Treat yourself with kindness. We all make mistakes. Forgive yourself. Disclose your regret. It releases the burden. Even writing about it can be helpful. Finally, extract a lesson from it.

1. The best three words to say regularly

  • Please and Thank You. They are profound. Please reminds us that we are not entitled to anything. Thank you serves a similar purpose. Expressing gratitude deepens our sense of meaning and purpose. Doing so is advantageous. Here is a link to my summaries of Daniel Pink’s books.
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Getting Students Interested in STEM by Amanda Winstead

Sunday, January 30th, 2022
STEM Interest

Getting Students Interested in STEM by Amanda Winstead offers teachers and parents ideas for exposing kids to STEM subjects that may get them interested in a career in one of these fields. While a STEM career may not be a good fit for all children, they all should be exposed to STEM in a manner that might capture their interests. Thanks, Amanda.

Introduction

  • Getting students interested in STEM has never been more critical for the future. Consider some of the most influential developments in our modern society. The rise of AI, the influence of social media, and the distribution of mRNA vaccines — behind each of these trends are science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or all of the above.
  • When students gain an appetite for STEM knowledge, the future is in their hands. STEM career opportunities are everywhere. But even for students who don’t end up directly in the field, STEM education can help students improve their problem-solving, collaboration, and critical thinking skills — all while making them more ethical decision-makers in the future.
  • The good news for educators is, STEM concepts can be highly engaging since they can be applied in practically all aspects of life. With these strategies, you can get students excited about the possibilities of STEM with ease.

Incorporate Student Interests in Your Lessons

  • Think about the topics that captivate your students’ attention. Do they love playing music? Do they enjoy video games or playing baseball? Chat with your students about their hobbies and explain how STEM concepts apply to them, then encourage them to think about STEM next time they take part.
  • When you start to point out day-to-day STEM applications, students can clearly see how much they’ve enjoyed STEM in the past. As an example, if you have an aspiring chef in the classroom, you can explain how baking is like a science, requiring exact measurements and chemical reactions.
  • The more hands-on you can make STEM applications, the better. For instance, you can work with tech lovers to break down the parts of an old computer or device (or even build one). Or, you can take your outdoorsy students on a nature walk to search for mathematical concepts on display.

Gamify STEM Education

  • Some students perceive STEM (and learning in general) as a bore. As a teacher, you have the chance to turn their perceptions around. Make STEM learning fun by blending technical subjects with academic games and scavenger hunts. As an example, you can hold a class outdoors — perhaps in your school courtyard or football field — and challenge students to find different geometric shapes. Give extra points for the tough ones and offer a prize to teams that earn the most.
  • Teachers can also hold optional semester-long challenges that blend STEM and the arts. For instance, students can draw a blueprint for their dream house or write a song about their learnings. You can give extra credit or stars that can be traded in for prizes to students each time they complete a challenge in their free time.
  • When you gamify STEM education, students can get instant gratification from learning opportunities. This encourages them to keep actively participating in STEM.

Replace Traditional Homework With Engaging Projects

  • Fewer educators and parents than ever are embracing traditional homework like worksheets, take-home quizzes, and essays. But whereas traditional homework can cause fatigue — both physically and emotionally — and cause kids to associate learning with negative feelings, fun hands-on projects can boost student interest while helping them learn.
  • Rather than having students memorize STEM definitions for a test or create PowerPoint presentations about STEM processes, consider letting students take home STEM projects. For instance, if you start a project at school, you can challenge them to improve their final product at home. If your students are building a bridge out of marshmallows and toothpicks, you can even turn it into a competition — whoever builds the longest bridge and films it standing for 10 seconds wins a small prize! They can also see which bridge holds the most weight.

Get Parents Involved in STEM Education

  • Teachers play an important role in developing interest in STEM, but after school ends, students don’t always have the motivation to continue their exploration into the field. Without continued engagement in STEM activities, students may increasingly view STEM careers as difficult or unattainable. The majority (60%) of freshmen lose interest in STEM by graduation.
  • However, encouragement from parents can help teachers sustain long-term interest. Parents who give their kids the tools they need to pursue and grow their interests are key to preparing our future generations for STEM.
  • Getting students into STEM can be as simple as providing parents with the right resources. Recommend STEM toys for children and cost-free ways to incorporate STEM into playtime. If you’re teaching middle school or high school, you can also recommend boot camps and make-a-thons for teens — ideally those that offer scholarships to ensure they’re accessible to all families.

Start Getting Students Interested in STEM

  • Students are naturally curious about the world around them, but incorrect perceptions about STEM often draw them away from the field. Teachers can get students interested in STEM by making it feel more accessible and fun. Start by understanding what your students are interested in, then make those interests a part of your lessons. You can also boost interest in STEM by prioritizing educational games and engaging projects over dull lessons and homework.
  • To put a cherry on top of your STEM engagement efforts, get parents involved in STEM education, too. When they have the right resources, they can work with you to prolong their children and teens’ interest in core STEM subjects, so students can succeed in their future careers.

Amanda Winstead

  • Amanda is a freelance writer out of Portland focusing on many topics including educational technology. Along with writing she enjoys traveling, reading, working out, and going to concerts. If you want to follow her writing journey, or even just say hi you can find her on Twitter.
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Education and the Future of Video Games by Amanda Winstead

Tuesday, January 25th, 2022

Ed & Video Games

Education and the Future of Video Games by Amanda Winstead

looks at how video games have impacted education and what the future may hold. It’s an article that all parents and educators should read. Thanks, Amanda.

  • It’s been highly accepted that video games can help children learn. The educational benefits of gaming have been found to increase everything from learning skills to social interactions. Unfortunately, even though there are an estimated 51.1 million kids under the age of 18 who consider themselves “gamers,” there are still a lot of negative stereotypes surrounding video games that need to be squashed.
  • That’s especially true when it comes to their impact on learning. When video games are accepted and embraced for their full academic potential, they can reach kids and adults both in new and innovative ways, educating them in ways that more “traditional” methods can’t. So, how should games be utilized by parents and teachers, and what should we expect from the future of video games as it pertains to education?

An Outlet for Visual Learners

  • One of the biggest benefits video games can have is that they’re often accessible to everyone. Most games are easy for people to pick up and understand right away, and that includes educational games. When kids, especially, are playing a game, they don’t necessarily realize they might be learning something at the same time. For visual and sensory learners, games can make a huge difference in how they absorb and apply things.
  • Video games tend to appeal to visual learners because they:
  • Organize information in a way that’s easier to understand
    Visualize complex ideas
    Improve attention
    Increase information retention

  • Some games and apps are specifically designed for educational purposes, like Duolingo or Math Snacks. But, there are some games your kids/students might already play for fun that can be used to educate them in different areas, too. Some of the best “hidden” educational games include:
  • Minecraft – Encourages problem-solving skills, reading, and math
    Oregon Trail – Teaches about historical events while requiring critical thinking skills
    Portal – Focuses on using math, science, logic, and physics
    Eloh – Teaches basic trigonometry skills

  • Take an interest in which games your kids or students are already playing. Chances are, you might be able to find some educational purpose in it, so you can work with your kids to highlight those things while they’re enjoying their gameplay. Whether you’re trying to work with a visual learner or someone who needs a more hands-on, immersive approach, meeting them with a game they already enjoy or introducing something you think they’ll like is a great way to further their educational growth.

Learning Life Skills

  • Video games don’t usually focus on one subject unless they’re games specifically designed for an educational setting. But, many of today’s games can teach long-lasting life skills. Some of the real-world skills both kids and adults can pick up on by regularly playing include:
  • Learning how to take and manage risks
    Patience
    Perseverance
    Problem-solving
    Leadership
    Critical thinking
    Communication

  • Those are skills that can translate into countless careers, including multiple positions in the business industry. People have used games like Monopoly to learn different strategies and problem-solving skills for years. The right video games, when applied in a certain direction, can do the same things.
  • Many gamers end up going into careers as graphic designers, computer programmers, audio engineers, or even writing. Growing up loving every aspect of gaming can quickly become an inspiration. Those are all careers that require a lot of skill, time, and education. Most importantly, though, they require experience and passion. Not only does gaming teach valuable life skills, but it can inspire people from a young age to step up to educational challenges and take on difficult career paths so they can contribute something back to the gaming world.

Ed & Video Games 2
Pictures Curtosy of Unsplash – @unsplash

There Are No “Lazy Games”

  • Beyond preparing children (and adults) for the future, video games have instant educational and developmental benefits. The cognitive benefits of video games include:
  • Improved concentration
    Better hand-eye coordination
    Memory enhancement
    Improved focus
    Multitasking skills
    Faster brain function

  • With that, it’s important to get rid of the stigma surrounding video games that suggests they are mind-numbing or require little to no thought. Additionally, it’s time to abolish the idea that video games make people lazy.
  • Multiple studies have shown that people who play video games can be more inclined to stay physically active and take better care of themselves. That’s largely because video games can improve your mood and boost your mental well-being. Gamers are often less stressed and happier. When you’re in a good mood and have more energy, it’s easier to want to exercise and be more physical. Gaming can also help to boost your confidence in whatever physical activity you’re doing, making it more likely that you’ll stick with it.
  • Physical and mental health go hand-in-hand. Your mental health state can impact your physical health, and when you’re feeling sick, tired, or fatigued, your mental health is likely to suffer. So, boosting your mental well-being through games is a great way to also make sure your physical health remains a priority. That’s especially important for the growth, development, and well-roundedness of school-aged children.

The Future of Video Games and Education

  • By now, you’re probably at least more convinced about the effectiveness of video games in an educational setting than you were before you started reading. But, what does the future hold for video games? Specifically, what do the advancements in technology and gaming mean for parents and teachers who are eager to use them?
  • First, it’s important to understand the popularity of different game genres, and how they might change over time.
  • Role-playing games, for example, are exceedingly popular with kids and adults. Some of the most widely-known include EverQuest and Elder Scrolls. What’s great about games like these is that they allow players to experience “real-world” situations (even in fantasy settings) by problem-solving and trying different techniques to make their way through virtual worlds. In recent years, many RPGs have gone online. That has opened up even greater opportunities for boosting communication and team-building skills. The technology used to connect players around the globe will undoubtedly continue to advance and become more fluid. It’s a great way for kids to learn about other cultures while doing something they love.
  • With the rise in things like AI and virtual reality, simulation games will also undoubtedly be used more frequently for educational purposes. Simulation games can improve general life skills like controlling the basic needs of fictional characters. They can also teach very specific skills using science, engineering, math, and so much more. Because of the way virtual reality is advancing, students who tend to be hands-on learners can gain a lot from playing simulation games.
  • Whether you’re a parent or teacher, it’s important to consider how beneficial video games can be. They’re designed for entertainment, of course. Even educational games are meant to be fun and captivating.
  • But, mainstream games can often be used to serve different educational purposes. By shifting your perspective on gaming and understanding how regular play can be educational, you can use them to your advantage as an educational tool.
  • The future of education and video games together widely depends on how well video games will be accepted as learning tools. Now that you know some of the benefits (and there are more!), you can start a trend of your own in your local school, community, or even at home by using games to further your child’s development and improve their general life skills.

Amanda Winstead

  • Amanda is a freelance writer out of Portland focusing on many topics including educational technology. Along with writing she enjoys traveling, reading, working out, and going to concerts. If you want to follow her writing journey, or even just say hi you can find her on Twitter.
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Five Ways To Financially Prepare Your Children for College by Craig Middleton

Sunday, January 9th, 2022

Paying for College
Five Ways To Financially Prepare Your Children for College by Craig Middleton offers sound advice for parents who are getting ready to send a child off to college. It makes the point that starting real-world financial lessons prior to leaving home is vital and offers specific ways to make this happen. Teaching students how to budget and giving them real financial responsibility while they are still at home is essential and this article will help. Good luck.

Introduction

  • College is difficult for young adults. It is not just the academics that can be challenging, either. Students also have to manage their own money, often for the first time. This can be stressful for both a teen and his parents. You can make things easier for everyone by following these five tips for helping your children financially prepare for the college experience.

1. Involve Them in the Loan Process

  • Your children will likely be paying off student loans long after they graduate from college. They should thus be involved in and prepared for this process. Make sure they understand the terms of any loan and when interest begins to accrue. They should also learn about different student loan refinance plans.

2. Warn About Scams

  • Elderly people are not the only ones falling victim to financial scams. Predators may also target naïve students. Talk to your child about common scams and how to avoid them. Specifically, your teen should understand how to spot bogus emails, texts, and calls demanding cash or requesting payment of a fake bill.

3. Teach Then To Budget

  • Budgeting is a key part of financial independence. If you plan to give your college student spending money while at college, consider paying one lump sum at the start of the semester. They will then have to learn how to budget that money over the ensuing months. You and your teen should also make a formal budget by writing down expected income and expenses each month. Make sure that you both understand which costs your student will pay, and which ones you will help cover.
  • You may also want to give your child a fixed amount of cash to use on certain expenses, such as textbooks. Tell your teen that he can keep any of this money that they do not spend. This will encourage them to look for cheaper options, such as used or electronic textbooks. You and your child should also talk about this budget at the end of each semester. The two of you can then adjust the budget if necessary. After a year or two in college, your kids will understand how they are spending their money and learn how to save up for larger, entertainment-related expenses such as concert tickets.
  • They should also realize the importance of making financial tradeoffs. For instance, if your child wants a new car, he may have to work extra hours or sacrifice some outings with friends in order to afford this expense. Learning this lesson as a young adult will make it easier to handle finances once he is completely independent.

4. Let Them Make Mistakes

  • Of course, budgeting for the first time often leads to mistakes. Your kid may spend a ton of money on restaurant meals early in the semester and then not have enough cash left over for other bills. It may be tempting to lecture your child in this situation, or to simply fix the issue.
  • However, they will not learn anything if you immediately come to the rescue. A few minor missteps should not ruin your teen’s finances, and they should teach him how to better manage money in the future. Instead of admonishing your child, help come up with a solution.

5. Let Them Be Independent

  • Similarly, your child should learn that you will not be able to support her financially forever. You do not have to cut him off entirely, however. Instead, slowly cut back on the amount of money you give each semester. Even before she goes to college, you should also have her start paying at least two of her bills each month. If she has to use her own money to cover a cell phone or iTunes bill, she may be more judicious with all purchases. Once your child leaves for college, she will be one step closer to adulthood. To fully prepare for life on her own, make sure she understands how to manage finances.

Craig Middleton

  • Craig is a New York City-based retired business consultant, who is an expert in education and cultural trends. He has a Masters of Business Administration and a Masters in Education from St. Johns and loves sharing his knowledge on the side through his writing. If you have any questions or comments you can direct them to Craig at craigmiddleton18@gmail.com.

Also, check this out.

Buying a House
How to buy a house when you have student loan debt – Student loan debt doesn’t automatically preclude you from buying a house. While it does make the process more challenging, you can become a homeowner with student debt. Share with college grads you know. @zlwichter @Bankrate

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