Archive for the ‘Business Books’ Category
Tuesday, November 9th, 2010
Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership 4th Edition by Lee Bolman and Terrence Deal, is the best textbook for a leadership course that I have seen. I use it for a course I teach for educators at the State University of New York at Cortland. The focus deals with the structural, human relations, political, and symbolic frames found in all organizations. If you analyze complex situations using all four, your are more likely to have success leading and managing. The summary includes activities I do with my class. It should be in every library and professional development collection.
Click here for my summary and activities from Reframing Organizations.
Tags: Leadership Education, Lee Bolman, Reframing Organizations, Terrance Deal
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Monday, April 27th, 2020
Reprogramming the American Dream: From Rural America to Silicon Valley – Making AI Serve Us All by Kevin Scott finds a balance between “the robots are coming for our jobs” and “AI is great, nothing to worry about.” Like Kevin, I believe that all citizens need to educate themselves regarding the promises and perils of AI. That is clearly the purpose of this book. It won’t make you an expert in AI, but it will give you many clues. In addition to citizens, AI experts, policymakers, and executives are also Kevin’s intended audiences.
Introduction
- There are two prevailing stories about AI. For low and middle-skill workers, we hear a grim tale of steadily increasing job destruction. For knowledge workers, we hear an idyllic tale of enhanced productivity and convenience. But neither captures the whole story. The story we need is AI’s potential to create abundance and opportunity for everyone as it helps solve the world’s most vexing problems. Kevin’s story is based on his upbringing in rural Virginia and his life as executive vice president and chief technology officer for Microsoft.
- We know AI will radically impact economics and employment and we are already seeing it perform very specific, narrow tasks like selecting the ads you see, turning speech to text, and translating languages. He sees a future where workers at all skill levels are served. While AI was invented in the US, China’s goal is to become the leader and thus dictate policy regarding this technology. In order to have a voice in the debate you need to be informed, which is the goal of this book.
PartI: Where We’ve Been – 1. When Our Jobs First Went Away
- Kevin returns to his rural home and visits old friends who are using simple versions of AI to harvest sod, monitor nursing home patients, and manufacture specialized plastic parts. The latter demonstrates how technology is allowing some manufacturing jobs to return to the US. In the case of the sod farmer, drones using AI are saving human jobs. In essence, AI can empower people rather than replacing them. He also visits a large Microsoft data center that replaced an obsolete prison. The local college even started a program to train workers. The challenge is to convince high school graduates that there is a better future in a technology job than in oil and gas jobs which might pay $60,000 to start, but are heavy labor jobs that over time, pay little more than the initial offer.
2. The Career Choice I Made
- This chapter is largely autobiographical. Kevin tells his story from home to college to a small engineering company in Lynchburg, VA, to graduate school at the Univerity of Virginia where he met his future wife. When she was accepted to a PhD program in Götingen, Germany he was able to get a job there too. From there he went from Google to AdMob, to Google, to LinkedIn. LinkedIn was acquired by Google in 2016 and ultimately he was chosen by Saya Nadella the CEO to be Microsoft’s chief technology officer (CTO).
- Along the way Keven stresses the importance of his supportive family and community in rural Virginia. While they were not rich he never lacked for food or housing and hand mentors and role models that supplemented his education. He didn’t have health care until he got to Google but never got sick either. While he doesn’t think you should base all of your career decisions on income, you should consider the economics of the choices you make. Get as much data and good advice as you can and reflect prior to making important life choices. For companies, he stresses the importance of stories. They need to be stories that employees can make their own and they need to be connected to how their work can somehow make the world a better place.
3. Stories of Revival
- The stories here focus on rural life and opportunities. In 2016 75% of venture funding went to Silicon Valley, New York, and Boston. Kevin tells the success story of Memphis that now has the world’s largest cargo airport. AI is making inroads in agriculture with robots that do precision irrigation and drones that apply fertilizer and pesticides in just the right quantities and locations. Kevin offers some ideas of how the government can incentivize rural entrepreneurship. His big idea is to have an Apollo type program for AI. The Apollo program only cost $200 billion in the 1960s to get to the moon so it should be possible to do the same for AI.
- We need a system to make rural people better at tech so they can run and debug drones, robots, and other high tech farm equipment. There is some effort in this direction. We also need to break down the stereotypes that urban and rural people have of each other. The media that people currently consume is part of the problem as many people binge on unhealthy information. He switched his consumption to 75% refereed journals like Science and Nature, 25$ to learning something new and different not related to his job, and 5% for everything else. Doing so made him less anxious, irritated, and much better informed.
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Friday, August 20th, 2010
Monica O’Brien’s book gives the big picture along with abundant detail on how to manage the social media feed for an organization or an individual. While it is written with businesses in mind, it certainly applies to educators and schools as well. My summary focusses on the concepts. If you want the detail, buy the book. Someone in your organization should have it.
Click here to see my summary Social Pollination.
Tags: Monica O'Brien, Social Media, Social Pollination
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Monday, November 9th, 2015
Staying Sharp: 9 Keys for a Youthful Brain Through Modern Science and Ageless Wisdom by Henry Emmons and David Alter offers advice that all of us can use to live a longer, healthier, and more fulfilling lives. Use this summary to see how you are doing and where you might need to improve. Then click at the bottom to purchase the book for the necessary details.
Henry Emmons and David Alter
- Henry is a psychiatrist who integrates mind-body and natural therapies, including mindfulness and compassion practices into his clinical work for Partners in Resilience in Minneapolis. He is also the author of The Chemistry of Joy and The Chemistry of Calm, and a popular workshop and retreat leader for both healthcare professionals and the general public.
- David is a psychologist with thirty years’ experience in health, psychology, neuropsychology, and clinical hypnosis, which he integrates in his work. He is a sought-after speaker, teacher, and trainer offering talks, workshops, and retreats to general and professional audiences. He is a cofounder of Partners in Healing, a center for holistic health in Minneapolis, and conducts his practice there.
Introduction
- Before the authors get to their Nine Keys to a Youthful Brain, they offer three chapters that discuss how the brain works and what happens as it naturally ages. Even though it does slow down, new neurons do form and new connections can be made. We also have less ability to pay attention, find learning more challenging, and take longer to retrieve information.
- They also focus on the concept of mindfulness, which deals with what you consciously do with your brain as you navigate your environment. This is called purposeful attention. There is nothing to stop you from being emotionally aware and cultivating a more joyful life. In addition to mind, we are also body and spirit.
The Nine Keys to a Youthful Brain
- 1. A Youthful Brain Loves Movement. Lack of movement is a strong reason behind many modern chronic health problems. Movement exercises the body and the brain. Exercise also helps reduce stress. There is lots of specific advice here and it’s never too late to start.
- 2. A Youthful Brain Is Well Rested. It is well established that sleep and other forms of rest are good for brain health. It also promotes good mood, memory, and healing. Short naps during the day also seem to be beneficial as long as you are sleeping well at night. If you are having trouble sleeping you might find the cause here along with tips for improving your sleep experience.
- 3. A Youthful Brain Is Well Nourished. This should be obvious. We generally eat too much, not enough fiber, and too much sugar. The authors suggest you try to eat unprocessed foods, emphasize plants and healthy fats, shift some protein away from meats, reduce sugars, drink more water, get more fiber and probiotics, and drink alcohol in moderation. There are good specifics on each of these issues along with tips to eat more mindfully.
- 4. A Youthful Brain Cultivates Curiosity. Curiosity activates the reward centers deep within the brain. It is a whole brain exercise that integrates the knowledge circuits of the left brain with the pattern-seeking circuits of the right brain. It will keep you fresh and lead to a longer, healthier, and more fulfilling life. If you cultivate your own curiosity, the world will be a more beautiful place and boredom will fade. If you seek out novelty you will become a constant learner. Get the book to learn how.
- 5. A Youthful Brain Stays Flexible. This runs counter to nature’s design, but has more to do with fear than destiny. If you respond more flexibly to change, life can become more enjoyable, rewarding, and fulfilling. One way to do this is to spend more time thinking about thinking (metacognition). The other keys contribute to your flexibility as will advice in this chapter.
- 6. A Youthful Brain Is Optimistic. Our brains are hardwired to be optimistic and you can increase your optimism with practice. It evolved to keep us engaged when logic suggests we give up. It’s benefits can be measured in terms of physical and mental health criteria. It will certainly make you more resilient as you age.
- 7. A Youthful Brain Is Empathic. Empathy arises from brain regions that regulate the quality of our relationships. You should practice empathy to help regulate your mind and behavior. This is how you influence the brains you interact with. Practicing empathy can make you more calm, content, and satisfied. Parents need to promote this quality in their children. One focus here is active listening, which is an important leadership skill.
- 8. A Youthful Brain Is Well Connected. The brain needs connection to others. Forming strong bonds early has a lasting impact. We need to learn how to create, grow, and maintain healthy social connections. This is very important as we age. Physical and mental health are necessary for positive social connections. If you do this right you will feel loved, respected, and listened to. This relates to Howard Gardner’s inter-personal intelligence. Even if you aren’t a natural connector, you can become one.
- 9. A Youthful Brain Is Authentic. No one wants to live someone else’s life. This key requires that you listen to yourself and live a life true to who you are. If you pull this one off, you should feel more confident and self-assured. This relates to Howard Gardner’s intra-personal intelligence and it can be increase with intent. Meditation can help.
Conclusion
- Even though I strongly suggest you purchase and read this entire book, this summary can act as a self-test that can help you see where you stand. While I’ve read most of this advice elsewhere, this book does a great job of pulling it all together. I was happy to see that I have already been following these keys. In my case, this book served to reinforce my approach to life, which has served me well. I’ve never missed a day of work due to illness, and don’t find life stressful. I enjoy the world and the people I meet, and people often tell me that I don’t look like I was born in 1947. I hope you are in the same boat, but if not, see what you can do to take the advice given here. You will also find tips here you can share with others at work or in your personal life. Good luck.
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Friday, January 25th, 2013
Switch: How to Change Things When Change is Hard by Chip and Dan Heath deals this one of the most important topics faced by any leader and everyone else. They believe that the primary obstacle comes from conflict built into our brains. They explore this conflict between our rational brain and our emotional brain that compete for control. This book will help your two minds work together. It draws on decades of research from multiple fields to shed new light on how you can effect transformative change. Discover the pattern they have found and use it to your advantage. Click below to purchase this important book.
The Heath Brothers
- Chip Heath is a professor at the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University. Dan Heath is a senior fellow at Duke University’s Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship (CASE). They are the authors of the bestseller Made to Stick and a new book Decisive: How to Make Better Choices in Life and Work also summarized here.
I just added a summery of thier 2018 book The Power of Moments.
Introduction
- All change efforts have something in common: For anything to change, someone has to start acting differently. All change effort boils down to the same mission: Can you get people to start behaving a new way? First surprise: What looks like a people problem is often a situation problem. To change someone’s behavior, you’ve got to change that person’s situation.
One Brain – Two Minds
- Human brains have their emotional side and their rational side. You can think of the two sides as the planner (rational) and the doer (emotional). In this book, the Heaths use an analogy they borrowed from Jonathan Haidt in his book The Happiness Hypothesis. Here, the emotional side is the Elephant and the rational side is the Rider. When the two sides disagree, the six-ton Elephant is going to win. If you want to change things you need to appeal to both the Rider and the Elephant. The Rider does the planning and the Elephant provides the energy. The Rider provides the direction, the Elephant provides the passion.
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Saturday, June 29th, 2013
Thank You for Listening: Gain Influence & Improve Relationships, Better Listening in Eight Steps by Marc Wong (©2012) will help you learn how to put someone else’s speaking, thinking, and feeling needs ahead of your own. By so doing, you will build trust, earn respect, and gain influence. Marc’s eight steps are practical, and the book is an enjoyable read. Click the icon at the bottom of any page to purchase this fine book.
Tags: Listening, Marc Wong
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Saturday, October 10th, 2020
The Biggest Bluff: How I Learned to Pay Attention, Master Myself, and Win by Maria Konnikova chronicles her journey as a PhD psychologist and journalist into the world of professional poker. She starts with zero knowledge and experience and with the help of mentors and lots of hard work becomes a poker champion. While the framework for this book is the game of poker, each chapter features generalizations that we can all draw on to add quality to our lives.
A Prelude – Las Vegas, July 2017
- We start with a story from the World Series of Poker, which is The World Cup, The Masters, and The Super Bowl for poker players. Anyone can enter as long as they put up the $10,000 entry fee. This can be a lifetime dream for many. As play continues Maria’s seat sits empty while the dealer takes the anti for each hand from her piles of chips and tosses her cards into the discard pike known as “the muck.” She is in the bathroom curled up in a fetal position on the floor after barfing her brains out due to eating some bad guacamole. At the time she understood the line between skill and luck. The message is that you can’t calculate for dumb bad luck and you can’t bluff chance.
Ante UP – New York, Late Summer 2016
- Here we meet Erik Sidel, one of the top poker players of all time. Maria approaches him to see if he will mentor her for her experiment, which involves seeing if a psychologist with zero knowledge of poker can have success after spending only a year learning the game. Eric knows that most people who get serious about the game come at it thinking a deep knowledge of math is the most important attribute. He knows that a deep understanding of psychology is more important as the necessary math his not that hard to master. He also sees Maria’s language skills as another key attribute. (She is fluent in English and Russian, was fluent in Spanish and French, and can get by in Italian.) Eric accepts the challenge and it’s game on. You don’t play poker, you play the world.
The Birth of a Gambler – Boston, Fall 2016
- Life is a gamble. It may not seem like playing poker, but in some sense, much of life features less control than you have as a skilled poker player. Here we have a conversation with Maria’s grandmother (Baba Anna) who is very disappointed that Maria is taking up poker rather than a “real job.” Skilled stock pickers do no better than chance in the long run while professional poker players routinely outplay amateurs. In poker, the best hand doesn’t always win. This sets it apart from other games. The process of betting gets your full attention unlike making a decision where no bet is involved. This allows you to benefit from life’s decisions as well. Accurate probabilistic thinking is rare, but it is necessary for success in poker. Like people who predict the weather and horse races, poker players get immediate feedback and have no one to blame but themselves.
The Art of Losing – New York, Fall 2016
- Eric’s step one is to read the poker books by Dan Harrington, cousin to the golfer Padraig Harrington. Next, you need to watch streams with real hands being played by the best players. Sign up for the Run It Once a poker coaching site. Then start playing for real online for tiny stakes that can gradually get bigger. From there you can proceed to small tournaments and then move up to bigger ones. You need a balance between aggressive and conservative playing so that your opponents can’t figure you out. You also need to keep track of everyone’s stack size.
- Here we encounter the importance of learning from losing. (Doug: The concept of learning from failure is found in many of the other books I have summarized.) You have to constantly think, analyze, and stay objective. This is hard to do. This means that you never take things personally as you treat triumph and disaster the same. Disaster can bring true objectivity. Eric teaches Maria that there is no certainty, only thought. There are no right answers regarding any situation without a greater context. Self-awareness and self-discipline should be your twin goals.
The Mind of a Strategist – New York, Late Fall 2016
- Maria starts practicing online, but in order to do so, she has to take a train from Manhattan to New Jersey as online poker is illegal in New York State. She picks a puppy as her avatar and “psychchic” as her screen name. She describes a hand she loses and finds that she made a mistake by trying to copy a hand Eric had once and acted aggressively so as not to look weak. Time is an issue online and in real tournaments as it is in real life. In both cases, you want to use the time you have to think things through, but not act impulsively as time starts to run out. When playing you want to be the last one to act as that will give you maximum information.
- The military analogy applies here. You need to know the enemy and survey the nature of the board in each hand. Like a general, you need to decide just how many of your troops you need to deploy. Everything from a scout to every soldier you have is in play. Your strategy cannot be predetermined. Another analogy is that of a jazz band where once it’s your turn you have to decide what to play.
- If you only bet when you have top cards your opponents will figure that out and you won’t win much. You will lose more as you won’t often have top cards. This is why you have to bluff on occasion. Maria tells the story of getting an offer to write an article about what she was doing. She said no several times until she got an offer of $3/word. Like sometimes in poker, she got more out of her hand then she thought she could.
Tags: Eric Sidel, Maria Konnikova, Phil Galford, Poker, Texas hold 'em
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Friday, August 31st, 2012
The Click Moment: Seizing Opportunity in an Unpredictable World by Frans Johnasson ( © 2012, Portfolio/Penguin: New York, NY) will help you to be more prepared when click moments show up. These are somewhat random events that prepared minds can take advantage of to promote success. The great stories he uses as examples serve to make this a most engaging and valuable book. Please consider clicking on the Amazon icon at the bottom of each page as you read my summary.
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Friday, February 4th, 2022
The Diffusion of Innovation (5th ed) by Everett M. Rogers is THE book for anyone who wants to understand this phenomena. This is the 2003 version, but it is still very current. I used this book a lot when I was doing my dissertation and revisit the concepts via this summary from time to time. This is my longest book summary so it may take more than one sitting to finish it. I think it will be work your time.
Chapter 1 – Elements of Diffusion
- Getting a new idea adopted, even when it has obvious advantages is difficult. Therefore, a common problem for individuals and organizations is how to speed up the rate of diffusion of an innovation. Diffusion is a process in which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. A degree of uncertainty is involved and the process can be planned or spontaneous. It results in one kind of social change and leads to certain consequences.
Element 1
- 1) The innovation: It is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new. If it seems new, it is an innovation. The adoption process is an information seeking and processing activity in which an individual is motivated to reduce uncertainty about the advantages and disadvantages of an innovation. The characteristics of innovations, as perceived by individuals, help explain their different rates of adoption.
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Element 2
- 2) Communication Channels: The essence of the diffusion process is the information exchange through which one individual communicates a new idea to others. Mass media channels are usually the most rapid and efficient means of informing an audience. Interpersonal channels involve face-to-face exchanges. A third form involves the interactions between individuals via the Internet.
Element 3
- 3) Time: The inclusion of time in diffusion research is one of its strengths. The five steps in the process are: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. There are five adopter categories that are time-based. The first adopters are called innovators. They are followed in time by early adopters, the early majority, the late majority, and laggards. When the number of adopters is plotted over time, an S-shaped curve results.
Element 4
- 4) A Social System: This is a set of interrelated units that are engaged in joint problem solving to accomplish a common goal. Social systems have structure that gives regularity and stability to human behavior (norms). It allows one to predict behavior with some degree of accuracy. The communication in a system also has a structure. Knowledge of the system’s structure is necessary if one wishes to study diffusion within the system.
Some History
- A series of independent groups started this research in the 1940’s and 1950’s. Each group was invisible to the others and used different approaches. They all, however, found the diffusion followed an S-shaped curve and the innovators had higher socioeconomic status than did later adopters. By the late 1960’s the independent groups had come together as shown by the increase in cross-tradition citations.
Gabriel Tarde
- Tarde was a French lawyer and judge around 1900. He observed that for every ten new ideas that spread, ninety will be forgotten. He also observed that the rate of imitation usually followed an S-shaped curve and that the takeoff in the curve begins to occur when the opinion leaders in a system use a new idea. Forty years later his observations were put to the test by empirical research.
The Nine Major Diffusion Research Traditions
- 1) Anthropology – The study of how tribes or villages use technological ideas such as the steel ax, horses, and boiling water.
- 2) Rural Sociology – The study of how farmers in rural communities adopt agricultural ideas such as weed sprays, hybrid seed, and fertilizers.
- 3) Education – The study of school systems, teachers, or administrators as they adopt teaching/learning innovations like kindergarten, modern math, programmed instruction, and team teaching.
- 4) Public Health and Medical Sociology – The study of individuals or organizations such as hospitals and health departments as they adopt medical and health ideas like drugs, vaccinations, family-planning, and AIDS prevention.
- 5) Communication – The study of individuals and organizations as they adopt technological innovations and new communications technology.
- 6) Marketing and Management – They study of individual consumers as they adopt new products.
- 7) Geography – The study of individuals and organizations as they adopt technological innovations.
- 8) General Sociology – The study of individuals and other units as they adopt a wide variety of ideas.
- 9) Early Sociology – The study of communities or individuals as they adopt things like city manager government, postage stamps, and ham radios.
- Other traditions include economics, public administration, political science, psychology, industrial engineering, statistics, and others.
A Word About Education
- Unlike some fields, innovations adopted by education are done so by organizations rather than individuals. Early studies were carried out by Paul Mort at Columbia University. He found that the best single predictor of innovativeness was expenditure per student. The stereotype of the rich suburban school as highly innovative was largely confirmed. Mort found that considerable time lags were required. It took kindergartens about 50 years to be completely adopted. Driver training needed only 18 years while modern math needed only 5 years. Both were promoted by change agencies. The insurance companies and auto manufacturers in the case of driver training and the National Science Foundation for modern math.
Tags: Diffusion of Innovations, Everett M Rogers
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Saturday, December 29th, 2012
The Dragonfly Effect: Quick, Effective, and Powerful Ways to Use Social Media to Drive Social Change by Jennifer Aaker and Andy Smith with Carlye Adler, (©2010, Jossey-Bass: SanFrancisco, CA). will help you harness the power of social media to achieve a single, focused, concrete goal. The authors also hope you will be inspired to use social media for social good. Think of this as your playbook for moving your cause from awareness to action. To be successful, you must translate your passion into a powerful story that generates contagious energy. Jennifer and Andy draw on abundant psychological research to show you how to do this. They also provide many inspiring stories to make their points and inspire their audience. Click the icon at the bottom of any page to purchase this book.
Jennifer Aaker and Andy Smith
- They are a married couple. Jennifer is a Professor of Marketing at Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business where she teaches a course on social media. Andy is a principal of Vonavona Ventures, where he advises on marketing, customer strategy, and operations. The book also contains a forward by Chip Heath, coauthor of Made to Stick, and Switch.
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The Dragonfly Model
- The Dragonfly Effect, like the dragonfly, relies on four wings that achieve great results when they work together. It starts with focus. This is where you identify a concrete measurable goal. Next you grab attention by telling a personal story with unexpected, visceral, and visual aspects. Then you engage, which is where you empower your audience to care enough to want to do something. Finally, you enable and empower others to take action. To make action easier, you must prototype, deploy, and continuously tweak your approach towards making your audience team members.
Wing 1 – Focus – The HATCH Principals
- There are five design principles associated with the focus wing. First is humanistic. You first need to understand who your audience is. Listen, observe, ask questions, and empathize. Second is to make your goal actionable by breaking long-term goals into a number of short-term goals that are small, actionable, and measurable. Third is to make a goal testable. You need to measure progress and success somehow. Fourth is clarity. Goals need to be highly specific. Failures often involve goals that are vague, conflicting, or too numerous. The final principle is happiness. Your goal must be personally meaningful. The prospect of happiness will serve to motivate.
Wing 2 – Grab Attention – How to Stick Out
- Aaker and Smith suggest four design principles for grabbing attention. First is get personal. This can be a personal hook, using one’s name, or tagging someone’s picture. Second is to deliver the unexpected. The element of surprise can result in viral behavior, and you need to be original. Third is to visualize your message. Pictures trump words in terms of grabbing attention. You can juxtapose two images, combine images, or replace one with another. Finally you want to make a visceral connection. Do what you can to trigger the senses of sight, sound, hearing, or taste. Use music to tap emotions.
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